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Wednesday, September 28, 2011

How Life Expectancy for Women with Cervical Cancer?

World Health Organization (WHO) states, the current cervical cancer is ranked top among the various types of cancer that causes death in women in the world. Indonesia is a country with a number of patients with cervical cancer is highest in the world that is 100 cases per 100,000 population; which means 11x higher than the United States and 25x higher than the Netherlands. Thus, what about the life expectancy for the patient?

Why be so dangerous? Because cervical cancer appeared as enemies in a blanket. Difficult to detect until the disease has reached an advanced stage. Penginfeksian process is often not realized by the patient, because the process of HPV then be pre-cancerous largely took place without any symptoms. The journey from HPV infection to cervical cancer takes a long time, which is about 10 to 20 years.

Physical symptoms of this disease is generally only felt by people with advanced cancer. Namely, the emergence of pain and bleeding during intercourse (contact bleeding), excessive vaginal discharge and abnormal bleeding outside the menstrual cycle, and the drastic weight loss. If the cancer has spread to the pelvis, the patient will suffer from back pain, barriers in urination, and kidney enlargement. 

Life expectancy of patients with cervical cancer the same as in the cases of other cancers that depend on the stage of cancer and how quickly treatment. 

Life expectancy of patients with early stage cervical cancer subsequent to radical hysterectomy (removal of uterus with operations throughout the network) and pelvic lymphadenectomy (removal of lymph node tissue throughout the pelvic area with surgery) depends on several factors namely:


1. Lymph node status. 

Patients who did not undergo lymph node spread have a 5-year survival rate (life expectancy up to 5 years) by 85% -90%. However, if there is spread to the lymph nodes then the percentage would drop to 20% -74% depending on the number, location, and size distribution.

2. Tumor size. 

Patients with tumor size less than 2 cm have a survival rate of 90% and if the size is more than 2 cm, then its survival rate will drop to 60%. When tumors larger than 4 cm, survival rate can drop to 40%.

3. Invasion (spread to the inside) to the parametrial tissue. 
Patients with parametrial invasion of cancer to have a 5-year survival rate was 69% compared with that without the invasion by 95%. If the invasion is accompanied by positive lymph nodes, the survival rate was down to 39% -42%.


4. The depth of invasion. 
Invasion of the surface of the cervix <1 cm have a 5-year survival rate around 90% and will drop to 63% -78% if depth> 1 cm.

5. Whether or not the invasion of lymph-vascular space. 
The invasion of the area as a prognostic factor remains controversial. Some studies say 50% -70% 5-year survival rate occurs when the invasion of the lymph-vascular space and the survival rate of 90% in the absence of invasion. However, other studies have claimed that there were no significant differences in the presence of invasion or not.

Life expectancy of five years (5 Years Survival Rate) if the cancer is detected and treated at stage 1 is 70-75%, in stage 2 was 60 percent, live on stage 3 25%, and in four patients with difficult stage is expected to survive. If the disease is found as a pre-cancerous lesions, patients can still be treated as perfect and of higher life expectancy.

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